LESIONI MIDOLLARI 

1. Christensen P. Bazzocchi G. Coggrave M. Abel R. Hultling C. Krogh K. Media S. Laurberg S. (2006) A randomized, controlled trial of transanal irrigation versus conservative bowel management in spinal cord injured patients. Gastroenterology, 131: 738-747 

2. Christensen P. Bazzocchi G. Coggrave M. Abel R. Hultling C. Krogh K. Media S. Laurberg S (2008) Outcome of Transanal Irrigation For Bowel Dysfunction in patient with Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 31: 560-567 

3. Coggrave M. (2007) Transanal irrigation for bowel management. Nursing Times, 103 (26): 47 

4. Coggrave M. Norton C. and Wilson-Barnett J. (2009) Management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction in the community after spinal cord injury: a postal survey in the United Kingdom. Spinal Cord, 46 

5. Krogh K, Nielsen J, Djurhuus JC, Mosdal C, Sabroe S, Laurberg S. (1997) Colorectal Function in Patients with Spinal Cord Lesions. Dis Colon Rectum, 40(10):1233-1239. 

6. Liu CW, Huang CC, Yang YH, Chen SC, Weng MC, Huang MH. (2009) Relationship between neurogenic bowel dysfunction and health-related quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Med, 41:35 – 40,323- 333 

7. Del Popolo G, Mosiello G, Pilati C, Lamartina M, Battaglino F, Buffa P, Redaelli T, Lamberti G, Menarini M, Di Benedetto P, De Gennaro M. (2008) Treatment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction using transanal irrigation: a multicenter Italian study. Spinal Cord, 46:517-22  

8. Emmanuel A. (2010) Review of the efficacy and safety of transanal irrigation for neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Spinal Cord, 48: 664–673 

9. Emmanuel A, Krog K, Bazzocchi G, Leroi A-M, Bremers A, Leder D, van Kuppevelt D, Mosiello G, Vogel M, Perrouin-Verbe B, Coggrave M, Christensen P (2013) Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in adults. Spinal Cord 51, 732-738 

10. Christensen P., et al. Global audit on bowel perforations related to transanal irrigation. Techniques in coloproctology, 2016, 20.2: 109-115. 

11. Christensen P. Andreasen J. Ehlers L. (2009) Cost-effectiveness of transanal irrigation versus conservative bowel management. Spinal Cord, 47, 138–143 

12. Emmanuel A, Kumar G, Christensen P, Mealing S, Størling ZM, Andersen F, Kirshblum S. (2016) Long-term cost-effectiveness of transanal irrigation in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction. PLoS One, 24:11(8) 

13. Jakobsen JD, Worsoe J, Lundby L, Christensen P, Krogh K (2016) Management of patients with faecal incontinence. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology; 9(1) 86–97 

14. Spinelli M. et al. A simple morpho-functional evaluation leads to a high transanal irrigation success rate in neurogenic bowel management. Pelviperineology, 2016, 124  

15. Bazzocchi G. (2012) L’irrigazione retrograda transanale per il “bowel management” del paziente con lesione midollare mediante dispositivi a pressione costante: razionale e procedura per l’utilizzo del Peristeen. Pelviperineology (31): 85-92 

 

 

SCLEROSI MULTIPLA 

1. Hinds JP. Eidelman BH. Wald A. (1990) Prevalence of bowel dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. A population survey. Gastroenterology; 98: 1538–1542 

2. Bazzocchi G. (2012) L’irrigazione retrograda transanale per il “bowel management” del paziente con lesione midollare mediante dispositivi a pressione costante: razionale e procedura per l’utilizzo del Peristeen. Pelviperineology (31): 85-92 

3. Passananti V, Wilton A, Preziosi G, Storrie J.B, Emmanuel A. (2016) Long-term efficacy and safety of transanal irrigation in multiple sclerosis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Sep;28(9):1349-55 

4. Del Popolo G, Mosiello G, Pilati C, Lamartina M, Battaglino F, Buffa P, Redaelli T, Lamberti G, Menarini M, Di Benedetto P, De Gennaro M. (2008) Treatment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction using transanal irrigation: a multicenter Italian study. Spinal Cord, 46:517-22  

5. Emmanuel A. (2010) Review of the efficacy and safety of transanal irrigation for neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Spinal Cord, 48: 664–673 

6. Emmanuel A, Krog K, Bazzocchi G, Leroi A-M, Bremers A, Leder D, van Kuppevelt D, Mosiello G, Vogel M, Perrouin-Verbe B, Coggrave M, Christensen P (2013) Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in adults. Spinal Cord 51, 732-738 

7. Emmanuel A, Kumar G, Christensen P, Mealing S, Størling ZM, Andersen F, Kirshblum S. (2016) Long-term cost-effectiveness of transanal irrigation in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction. PLoS One, 24:11(8) 

8. Jakobsen JD, Worsoe J, Lundby L, Christensen P, Krogh K (2016) Management of patients with faecal incontinence. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology; 9(1) 86–97 

9. Spinelli M. et al. A simple morpho-functional evaluation leads to a high transanal irrigation success rate in neurogenic bowel management. Pelviperineology, 2016, 124 

10. Christensen P., et al. Global audit on bowel perforations related to transanal irrigation. Techniques in coloproctology, 2016, 20.2: 109-115. 

 

 

SPINA BIFIDA 

1. Del Popolo G, Mosiello G, Pilati C, Lamartina M, Battaglino F, Buffa P, Redaelli T, Lamberti G, Menarini M, Di Benedetto P, De Gennaro M. (2008) Treatment of neurogenic bowel dysfunction using transanal irrigation: a multicenter Italian study. Spinal Cord, 46:517-22  

2. Malone PS, Wheeler RA, Williams JE. (1994) Continence in patients with spina bifida: long term results. Arch Dis Child, 70:107-110 

3. Emmanuel A. (2010) Review of the efficacy and safety of transanal irrigation for neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Spinal Cord, 48: 664–673 

4. Emmanuel A, Krog K, Bazzocchi G, Leroi A-M, Bremers A, Leder D, van Kuppevelt D, Mosiello G, Vogel M, Perrouin-Verbe B, Coggrave M, Christensen P (2013) Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in adults. Spinal Cord 51, 732-738 

5. Emmanuel A, Kumar G, Christensen P, Mealing S, Størling ZM, Andersen F, Kirshblum S. (2016) Long-term cost-effectiveness of transanal irrigation in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction. PLoS One, 24:11(8) 

6. Christensen P., et al. Global audit on bowel perforations related to transanal irrigation. Techniques in coloproctology, 2016, 20.2: 109-115. 

7. Christensen P. Andreasen J. Ehlers L. (2009) Cost-effectiveness of transanal irrigation versus conservative bowel management. Spinal Cord, 47, 138–143 

8. Christensen P. Bazzocchi G. Coggrave M. Abel R. Hultling C. Krogh K. Media S. Laurberg S (2008) Outcome of Transanal Irrigation For Bowel Dysfunction in patient with Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 31: 560-567 

9. Christensen P. Bazzocchi G. Coggrave M. Abel R. Hultling C. Krogh K. Media S. Laurberg S. (2006) A randomized, controlled trial of transanal irrigation versus conservative bowel management in spinal cord injured patients. Gastroenterology, 131: 738-747 

10. Jakobsen JD, Worsoe J, Lundby L, Christensen P, Krogh K (2016) Management of patients with faecal incontinence. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology; 9(1) 86–97 

11. Spinelli M. et al. A simple morpho-functional evaluation leads to a high transanal irrigation success rate in neurogenic bowel management. Pelviperineology, 2016, 124 

12. Bazzocchi G. (2012) L’irrigazione retrograda transanale per il “bowel management” del paziente con lesione midollare mediante dispositivi a pressione costante: razionale e procedura per l’utilizzo del Peristeen. Pelviperineology (31): 85-92 

 

 

LARS 

1. Martellucci J, Sturiale A, Bergamini C, Boni L, Cianchi F, Coratti A, Valeri A. Role of transanal irrigation in the treatment of anterior resection syndrome. Tech Coloproctol. 2018 Jul;22(7):519-527 

2. Rosen H, Robert-Yap J, Tentschert G, Lechner M, Roche B. (2011) Transanal irrigation improves quality of life in patients with low anterior resection syndrome. Colorectal Disease 

3. Emmanuel A. (2010) Review of the efficacy and safety of transanal irrigation for neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Spinal Cord, 48: 664–673 

4. Rosen H, Boedecker C, Fürst A, Krämer G, Hebenstreit J, Kneist W. (2020) “Prophylactic” transanal irrigation (TAI) to prevent symptoms of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after rectal resection: results at 12‑month follow‑up of a controlled randomized multicenter trial. Tech Coloproctol. Dec; 24(12):1247-1253 

5. Christensen P., et al. Global audit on bowel perforations related to transanal irrigation. Techniques in coloproctology, 2016, 20.2: 109-115. 

6. Peter Christensen, Coen IM Baeten, Eloy Espín-Basany, Jacopo Martellucci, Karen P Nugent, Frank Zerbib, Gianluca Pellino, Harald Rosen, MANUEL Project Working Group (2021): Management guidelines for low anterior resection syndrome the MANUEL project 

 

 

PEDIATRICO 

1. Bray L. Sanders C. (2012) An evidence-based review of the use of transanal irrigation in children and young people with neurogenic bowel. Spinal Cord, 1–6 

2. Ng J, Ford K, Dalton S, McDowell S, Charlesworth P, Cleeve S (2015) Transanal irrigation for intractable faecal incontinence and constipation: outcomes, quality of life and predicting nonadopters. Pediatr Surg Int 

3. Ausili E, Focarelli B, Tabacco F, Murolo D, Sigismondi M, Gasbarrini A, Rendeli C. (2010) Transanal irrigation in myelomeningocele children: an alternative, safe and valid approach for neurogenic constipation. Spinal Cord, 48: 560–565. 

4. Corbett P, Denny A, Dick K, Malone PS, Griffin S, Stanton MP. (2014) Peristeen integrated transanal irrigation system successfully treats faecal incontinence in children. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 10: 219-222 

5. Märzheuser, Stefanie; Karsten, Katharina; Rothe, Karin. Improvements in incontinence with selfmanagement in patients with anorectal malformations. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2016, 26.02: 186-191. 

6. Midrio P, Mosiello G, Ausili E, Gamba P, Marte A, Lombardi L, Iacobelli BD, Caponcelli E, Marrello S, Meroni M, Brisighelli G, Leva E, Rendeli C. (2015) Peristeen® Trans Anal Irrigation in paediatric patients with anorectal malformations and spinal cord lesions: a multicentre Italian study. Colorectal Disease 

7. Koppen, Ilan JN, et al. Transanal irrigation in the treatment of children with intractable functional constipation. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 64.2 (2017): 225-229. 

 

 

STIPSI FUNZIONALE/IDIOPATICA 

• Emmett CD, Close HJ, Yiannakou Y, Mason JM. (2015) Trans-anal irrigation therapy to treat adult chronic functional constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology, 15:139 
• Suares NC, Ford AC. (2011) Prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic idiopathic constipation in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 106(9):1582–91. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.164 

 

 

INCONTINENZA FECALE 

• Ng KS, Sivakumaran Y, Nassar N, Gladman MA (2015) Fecal Incontinence: Community Prevalence and Associated Factors - A Systematic Review. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 58 (12):1194– 1209. 

 

 

MALATTIA DI PARKINSON 

• Krogh K. Ostergaard K. Sabroe S. Laurberg S. (2008) Clinical aspects of bowel symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand, 117: 60–64 

 

 

FREQUENCY OF PERFORATION DURING DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC COLONOSCOPY 

• Panteris V, Haringsma J, Kuipers EJ. (2009) Colonoscopy perforation rate, mechanisms and outcome: from diagnostic to therapeutic colonoscopy. Endoscopy, 41: 941–951